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1.
Rev. biol. trop ; 66(2): 709-721, abr.-jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-977339

ABSTRACT

Resumen La diversidad de coleópteros acuáticos de Cuba se encuentra entre las más elevadas en el Caribe insular. Sin embargo, existe escasa información sobre los ditíscidos cubanos para identificar las especies y hábitats que requieren urgentes acciones de conservación. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los taxa amenazados de la familia Dytiscidae en Cuba según su grado de vulnerabilidad. Para ello se recopiló información sobre la distribución de todos los ditíscidos cubanos, incluyendo datos de la literatura, de colecciones y de muestreos realizados en el período comprendido entre los años 2000 y 2014. Además, fue evaluada la vulnerabilidad de las especies a partir de una metodología que combina seis criterios referentes a las características de las especies y los hábitats que ocupan. El análisis de vulnerabilidad fue posible realizarlo a 50 de las 53 especies de ditíscidos (94 %) presentes en Cuba. Un total de cinco especies (9 %) presentan vulnerabilidad alta, 20 (38 %) media y 25 (48 %) baja. Las cinco especies más amenazadas son Laccodytes cobrinae, Laccophilus alariei, Copelatus barbouri, C. darlingtoni, and Desmopachria glabella. Estas son endémicas de Cuba y se caracterizan por presentar poblaciones muy localizadas, poco abundantes, así como por una alta especificidad de hábitat. Por ello, se propone su inclusión en lista roja de la fauna de Cuba, así como en la Lista Roja de la UICN bajo la categoría de "Vulnerable". Además, no todas las áreas donde se encuentran estas especies pertenecen al Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas de Cuba, por lo que recomendamos la inclusión de la Laguna Base Julio A. Mella y el Norte de Imías en este sistema. Así mismo, sugerimos la implementación de medidas de gestión efectivas que eviten o mitiguen la alteración de los ecosistemas acuáticos en los que aparecen las especies vulnerables.


Abstract Cuba has one of the richest diving beetles species diversity in the Caribbean islands. However, Cuban Dytiscidae remain scarcely studied, and there is need to identify those species and habitats that urgently require effective conservation actions. Here we aim to identify the threatened taxa of the family Dytiscidae in Cuba according to their degree of vulnerability. For that, we compiled distributional data on the Cuban fauna, including data from literature, collections and own samplings carried out between the period 2000 and 2014. In addition, the vulnerability of the species was evaluated using a methodology that combines six criteria regarding both species and habitat attributes. This analysis of vulnerability was completed to 50 (94 %) out of 53 Cuban species. Five species (9 %) were identified as highly vulnerable, 20 (38 %) moderately and 25 (48 %) as having low conservation status. The five most threatened species were Laccodytes cobrinae, Laccophilus alariei, Copelatus barbouri, C. darlingtoni, and Desmopachria glabella. These species are endemic to Cuba and characterized by highly localized populations and low abundance as well as high habitat specificity. Thus, we propose the inclusion of these five species in both the red list of Cuban fauna and the IUCN Red List (under the category of "Vulnerable"). In addition, not all areas where these species were found belong to the National System of Protected Areas of Cuba. Thus, we suggest the inclusion of the Laguna Base Julio A. Mella and the North of Imías, and to develop effective management measures to prevent the alteration of these aquatic ecosystems. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 709-721. Epub 2018 June 01.


Subject(s)
Animals , Coleoptera/classification , Ecosystem , Tropical Ecosystem , Vulnerability Analysis , Cuba , Biodiversity , Entomology/classification
2.
Rev. biol. trop ; 65(2): 807-818, Apr.-Jun. 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-897582

ABSTRACT

ResumenSe conoce poco sobre los patrones de emergencia de los odonatos tropicales. Estudiamos el patrón de emergencia de odonatos en un cuerpo dulceacuícola lótico de Giro, al norte de la ciudad de Santiago de Cuba, entre enero y diciembre 2008. Visitamos la localidad semanalmente, entre 09:00 y 14:00 h y recolectamos las exuvias directamente sobre la vegetación de ribera en una sección fija de 8 x 1 m2. Caracterizamos la variación temporal de la composición específica, la abundancia y la biomasa relativas y el patrón de emergencia de cada especie. Registramos 443 exuvias, pertenecientes a 22 especies, siete de Zygoptera y 15 de Anisoptera. El 50 % de la emergencia anual ocurrió en la temporada poco lluviosa (diciembre a marzo) con el valor más elevado en febrero (25 %). En el caso de las especies con siete o más exuvias por mes, Enallagma coecum y Macrothemis celeno se sincronizaron temporalmente durante la emergencia. También encontramos segregación temporal entre Macrothemis celeno con Protoneura capillaris, Neoneura maria, Progomphus integer y Scapanea frontalis. Estas diferencias se relacionaron con las mayores fluctuaciones anuales de temperatura, humedad relativa y el número de días lluviosos por mes. En general, detectamos asincronía y heterogeneidad en los patrones temporales de emergencia de los odonatos del cuerpo dulceacuícola lótico estudiado.


AbstractThe emergence patterns of tropical odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) are scarcely known. We studied the emergence patterns of odonates in a freshwater lotic system in Giro, Northern Santiago de Cuba, between January and December 2008. We visited the locality between 09:00 and 14:00, on a weekly basis, and collected exuviae from a fixed section (8 x 1 m2) offshore, along the riparian vegetation. We collected data on species composition and, for each species, abundance, relative biomass and emergence pattern. We collected 443 exuviae belonging to 22 species: seven Zygoptera and 15 Anisoptera. Half of the annual Odonata emergence took place in the dry season (December to March) with the highest value in February (25 %). For species for which we found seven or more exuviae per month, Enallagmacoecum and Macrothemis celeno tended to be a synchronal emergence. We also found temporal segregation of the emergence pattern between M. celeno and Protoneura capillaris, Neoneura maria, Progomphus integer and Scapanea frontalis. These differences were probably related to the highest annual fluctuations of temperature, relative humidity and number of rainy days per month. We concluded that there is an asynchrony and heterogeneity in Odonata emergence times in the studied freshwater lotic system.

3.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 24(3): 304-308, May-Jun/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-719445

ABSTRACT

Chemical insecticides have been the main way to control synanthropic flies of medical and veterinary importance; however, residuals of these products have become a factor impacting on the environment, as well as the potential toxicological that they may cause damage to humans and domestic animals. Phytochemical screening carried out with the aqueous crude extract of Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn, Sapotaceae, leaves showed that coumarins, reducing sugars, flavonoids and cyanogenic glycosides were its most abundant metabolites. This study evaluated the activity of the crude aqueous extract of this plant on the post-embryonic development of Chrysomya putoria. Larvae treated with 5, 10 and 25% extract showed a decrease in the pupal period and in the newly-hatched larvae to adult period when compared to the control groups. Larvae from the 25% extract group were the lightest (45.8 mg) when compared with the control group (46.5 mg). The larval and newly-hatched larvae to adult stages were more sensitive to the leaf extract from P. sapota (5%) and the treated flies showed the low viability (47.5 and 45.5% respectively). The results demonstrated that topic treatment with P. sapota could alter C. putoria post embryonic development.

4.
Rev. biol. trop ; 61(4): 1769-1783, oct.-dic. 2013. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-703927

ABSTRACT

Cuba has one of the richest land snail faunas of the world. This important fact has promoted different kind of studies on this group to promote conservation programs, from which many studies have directed their efforts to inventories, and population and community ecology. To contribute with this population knowledge, we studied land snails assemblages in three karstic elevations at the “Escaleras de Jaruco-Tapaste-Cheche” Natural Protected Landscape, Mayabeque, Cuba. We aimed to analyze the variation of the composition and structure of the assemblages between the rainy and little rainy months. The study was conducted from August to November 2009 and from January to April, 2010, in ten permanent square plots (9m²) separated for over 20m, on each elevation (Beluca, La Chirigota and La Jaula). In each plot, only live individuals were registered (physiologically active and at rest) to obtain species richness and abundance; besides, temperature (ºC) and relative humidity (%) were also considered in each plot. A total of 4 248 individuals were observed which comprised two subclasses, five orders, 11 families, 20 genera and 21 species of terrestrial molluscs. From the total, 19 were Cuban endemics and eight were exclusive from Mayabeque, Matanzas. The Jaula showed the greater riches with 19 species, followed of Beluca with 17, and The Chirigota with 15. In the rainy months, La Jaula, showed individual’s greater abundance with 1 707, followed of Beluca with 1 305 and La Chirigota with 1 236. We observed differences in the population density in the three elevations between the rainy and little rainy months, which can be due to the climatic adverse conditions that are shown at the little rainy months. Additionally, during the survey we observed dominance of prosobranch species over the pulmonates. The specific abundance curves showed a steep slope, although was major in the rainy months in relation to the little rain months, which indicates the presence of dominant, common and rare species in the assemblages. In this study, it was demonstrated than the riches and the abundance of land snails in all three elevations, was favored for the elevated relative humidity and the air temperature during the rainy months. These environmental conditions resulted fundamental for the survival of these terrestrial gastropods, as the reproduction and search of food were favored.


Estudiamos las agregaciones de moluscos terrestres de tres elevaciones cársicas en el Paisaje Natural Protegido “Escaleras de Jaruco-Tapaste-Cheche”, Mayabeque, Cuba. Se analizaron las variaciones de la composición y la estructura de las agregaciones entre los meses lluviosos y poco lluviosos. El estudio fue realizado desde agosto a noviembre 2009 y entre enero y abril 2010 en diez parcelas cuadradas permanentes (9m²) en cada elevación. En cada parcela se registraron solamente los individuos vivos (fisiológicamente activos y en reposo), el estudio fue de observación/trabajo de campo. Dentro de cada parcela se registró la riqueza de especie y abundancia. En cada parcela se midió la temperatura (°C) y la humedad relativa (%), se observaron 4 248 individuos de dos subclases, cinco órdenes, 11 familias, 20 generos y 21 especies de moluscos terrestres; 19 son endémicos cubanos y ocho de ellos lo son de la región Mayabeque-Matanzas. Se observaron diferencias entre los meses lluviosos y poco lluviosos en la densidad poblacional entre las tres elevaciones, lo cual puede deberse a las condiciones climáticas adversas en los meses poco lluviosos. Durante los meses muestreados se detectó una dominancia de las especies operculadas sobre las pulmonadas. Las curvas de rango-abundancia se caracterizaron por tener una pendiente pronunciada, lo cual indica la presencia de especies dominantes, comunes y raras en las agregaciones.


Subject(s)
Animals , Biodiversity , Mollusca/classification , Cuba , Population Density , Seasons
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